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Bladder

The pain in the lower abdomen in cystitis

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the inner walls of the bladder.In the early stages, it primarily affects the mucous membrane and can spread to the organ muscle layer in severe cases.

According to statistics, almost 35% of people (especially women) face this pathology at the age of 20-40, accounting for up to 67% of all cases of urological diseases.

Important! Bladder inflammation is typical of both genders, but due to anatomical characteristics, it is more common in women 6-8 times.Wider, straight and short urethra provide easy access to various urogenital infections.In addition to age, the difference between the incidence of men and women for elderly men and related secondary cystitis due to increased cases of prostatitis.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology is involved in a urologist.Women often need to contact a gynecologist.

Cystitis: Forms and Types of Pathology

Depending on the internal sources of inflammation, 2 types of cystitis can be distinguished:

  • Primary - formerly healthy bladder walls develop as independent inflammation;more often found in women;
  • Secondary - the result of inflammation of other diseases of the urea or adjacent tissues and organs (such as men's prostatitis).

It is distinguished by the nature of the course of the disease:

  • acute shape;
  • Chronic form - mixed symptoms are typical without pain and burns.

In the field of coverage, the disease may be:

  • Total or general;
  • Focus - for example, a cervix -shaped injury to the bladder neck;
  • With the lesion of the Lieto urethra (trigonite).

Note!In the focus of inflammation, you can cover the entire urinary system - in such cases, cystitis is the first clinical manifestation of kidney stones or pyelonephritis.

In view of the changes observed in the area of injury, it is distinguished:

  • Catarrhal - classic acute inflammatory process, only damage to the mucosal tissue;It is accompanied by severe hyperemia, swelling and release of serous secretions (serous form);In case of neglected, this may enter into a messy form (with the release of punching secretions);
  • Phlegmonous - a special type of punching inflammation of the submucosal layer with spilled, spilled damage;
  • Granulomatous - with abundant rashes on the organ mucosal membranes;
  • Bleeding - an inflammatory process accompanied by blood release in the urine;
  • Interstition - involving deep muscle layers;
  • ulcerative - with the formation of characteristic ulcers of the inner walls;
  • Entry - For a long time, non -healing ulcers have been overgrown with salts;
  • Cystic - with the formation of cysts in the submucosal organ;
  • Gangrenous - with tissue murder.

For the reasons, every variety of cases is divided into 2 large groups of infectious and non -infectious cystitis.

Infectious forms They develop due to various urogenital and general infections.Discrimination:

  • Specific pathologies - pathogens (mainly bacteria) - chlamydia, gonococci, etc.;
  • Non-specific pathologies-the source of disease is a variety

Note!In rare cases, cystitis may occur in infection of the kidney tuberculosis.The disease is accompanied by a pronounced clinical picture.

Non -contagious cystitis - Develop the organ membranes of the organ of the organ of the organ.There are many types of pathological effects:

  • Radial - negative effect on radiation therapy or radio exposure;
  • Allergic or autoimmune - the abnormal reaction of the body to allergens (mainly personal hygiene products) or antigens of their own tissues;
  • Traumatic - with chopped or cut wounds, damage to the walls with urethra, catheter, foreign bodies; 
  • Parasite - toxic parasites, especially under the influence of blood systosome (type of flat worms);The risk zone includes primarily in the near -eastern and Central -Asia;
  • Thermal - when washing with burns and too hot solutions;
  • Chemical toxic when exposed to aggressive substances: drugs, concentrated metabolites, toxic substances, etc.;

The occurrence of cystitis: the causes of pathology

The vast majority of cystitis are contagious.In this case, the pathogen can all become conditionally pathogenic bacteria.Coli, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and frequent representatives of urogenital infection, trichomonas, etc.

However, the main cause of the disease is the aggression of microorganisms.In order to be successful, the body should be weakened due to the influence of harmful external and internal factors.They belong to:

  • Chronic infections in other body systems - Karus tooth damage, bowel disease, various forms of acute respiratory viral infections, gynecological inflammation and STD;
  • Vitaminosis and hypovitaminosis in the background of an unbalanced diet;
  • regular physical, nervous, mental overwork, and lack of insomnia and night sleep;
  • strong psycho -emotional stress;
  • General weakening of the immune system, including longer use of immunosuppressors;
  • Body hypothermia, effect of sudden temperature changes - it is sometimes quite cold for women to start the inflammatory process of the pelvic organs, including the bladder;
  • High sexual activity in the absence of a permanent partner (non -traditional sexual exercises and unprotected sex are particularly dangerous);
  • Stagnant phenomena in the work of the pelvic organs-Szedók and generally sedentary lifestyles, frequent constipation, incomplete emptying due to urethra or bladder tumors, and a banal habit to be "the last"; 
  • Poor or incorrect body hygiene - in 90% of cases, cystitis is a pathogen of E. coli, which enters the bladder from the rectum;
  • Wearing synthetic canvas, especially narrow, pressing the pelvic organs;
  • abnormal development of urinary tract organs;
  • injuries and surgical intervention on pelvic organs;
  • Acute and fatty foods.

Especially the cause of the disease should be mentioned on endocrine disorders (diabetes -breast, taking hormonal drugs) and overall fluctuations in the hormonal background.The latter is particularly due to the female body, when the aggravation of cystitis is accompanied by menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause.

The symptoms of the disease

The first symptoms of cystitis are urination and discomfort in the lower abdomen.Otherwise, it all depends on the form of the disease and its cause. 

A general list of possible services:

  • Frequent urination, sometimes false;
  • The urine is muddy, blood contamination (hematuria) and pus is possible;
  • abdominal pain (can be given to the lower back);
  • carving and combustion in the urination process;
  • constant feeling of completeness of the bladder;
  • Urine obtains an unpleasant odor;
  • Daily or night enuresis;
  • Improving body temperature and general weakness.

In rare cases, in acute form, chills, nausea, vomiting is possible.

Important! This disease is not characterized by temperatures above 37.5 degrees.If this indicator is surplus, you need to examine the entire urinary system - perhaps the inflammatory process has reached the kidneys.

In women, pathology is often in acute form and is accompanied by classic symptoms.

Men are characterized by a chronic chronic course, often accompanied by signs of simultaneous diseases of the sexual sphere (such as balanoposthitis or uretritis).

Diagnosis

The clear symptoms of the disease allow you to make the main diagnosis after talking to the patient and palpation.Further instrumental and laboratory test methods allow you to determine the type and form of the disease, and the pathogen (with infectious lesion) can identify the most effective therapeutic complex.

Instrumental diagnostics:

  • Echoscopy (ultrasound) - determines the degree of inflammatory process, allows the condition of the urinary and sexual systems to simultaneously;
  • Endoscopy (cystoscopy) - examination of the bladder cavity with the optical system of the cystoscope allows the evaluation of the state of the internal integrity, the identification of possible pathologies and tumors;It was carried out only after the disappearance of acute phenomena;
  • Cystography is an X -radiation test using an X -sparse contract.

Laboratory research:

  • General urine analysis - check the concentration of pH levels, leukocytes, red blood cells, protein and uric acids;
  • Examination of urine sediment to achieve more accurate results;
  • Baksev - identification of the infectious pathogen;
  • tissue biopsy followed by histological examination;
  • PCR diagnostics-as effective as possible when identifying sexual infections.

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe biochemical analysis of the blood - which allows for monitoring the characteristics of body function by changes in concentrations in main electrolytes (potassium, sodium, calcium) and evaluating enzyme system activity.

In women, it is important to perform a gynecological examination for the presence of "female" inflammation, which often become the cause or consequence of cystitis.

Attention! Inflammation of the urea is often a symptom of a more serious disease, so differential diagnosis is required for tuberculosis, prostatitis (men), cancerous tumors, etc.

How's the treatment going?

The acute form of cystitis becomes chronic easily and quickly, so it is very important to respond to the first signs of the disease in time and correctly.

Attention! After the acute manifestation of the first symptoms, the inflammation is often not on its own.This does not mean that the patient has recovered - the disease may be "underground" and it requires a more thorough diagnosis of the body to identify the hidden pathological process.

Treatment is usually complex by conservative methods.With the competent approach, the result is favorable.Surgical intervention is only required in the most advanced cases.

Main list of appointments:

  • medication;
  • economical system;
  • abundant drink;
  • To follow the diet.

In chronic forms, the complex of physiotherapy is assigned to restore the functionality of the bladder.

Drug treatment:

  • Antibiotics - in chronic form, based on Bakposev results, make an individual range of drugs;
  • Diuretics - Diuretics increase urine outflow, wash the pathogenic flora and reduce the concentration of irritants;
  • Antispasmodes;
  • Vitamin preparations.

To prevent the pathogenic effects of many chemicals, classes are actively used in cystitis, especially for anti -inflammatory and diuretics: stubborn, lingonberry, kidney (Ortosiphon), St. John's Wort, Spray, Chamilly, Parsley.Pharmacy drugs that are based on plant substances have a good effect.

Attention! Abundant drinking in cystitis is necessarily!The minimum volume of clean water is 2 liters.Recommended-2.5-3 liters.

The features of the diet:

  • Except for all marinates, sharp spices, pickles, sweets, smoked and fried foods, as well as alcohol, tea, coffee, sweet soda;The salt from the diet should be removed to the maximum (!);
  • Reduce the amount of meat, fish, poultry, especially greasy varieties; 
  • Dairy products are consumed in small quantities -low -fat curd, yogurt, milk, low greasy and unresolved cheese;
  • Increase the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits (high watermelon, pumpkin);
  • In order to avoid constipation of the diet, the contents of dandruff, cereals and vegetable oils should be increased.

Cystitis features in pregnant women

Changing the hormonal background during pregnancy creates the prerequisites for suppressing the work of the immune system, which increases the risk of developing various inflammatory processes.The smallest hypothermia, a slight violation of hygiene rules and even the usual climate change (body considers stress) can provoke inflammation of the bladder.

When wearing a child, especially at the late stage of pregnancy, the pressure on the bladder increases due to the increased uterus.On the one hand, it provokes stagnant phenomena in the pelvic area and contributes to the development of cystitis and, on the other hand, exacerbates the manifestation of symptoms:

  • The frequency of urination increases;
  • The feeling of bladder pressure becomes constant and does not stop even after emptying.

Treatment during pregnancy is difficult due to the ban on the use of most antibacterial agents can negatively affect the total development of the fetus.Alternatively, the instillation method is used - the introduction of local action saving antibacterial agents directly into the bladder cavity.The procedure is carried out in the hospital under the control of medical staff.

Attention! Cystitis during pregnancy is dangerous to its complications.The high load of the kidney during pregnancy requires constant control of the urinary tract and urgent hospital care if the inflammation is spread to its upper departments.

How to warn the disease?

To avoid urinary tract inflammatory processes, it is sufficient to follow the following rules:

  • Avoid the lower body hypothermia - do not sit on the cold surface, keep your feet warm.
  • Except for sharp and salty products from the diet.
  • Timely treatment of sexual infections and other focuses of inflammatory processes (including Caries).
  • Denial of synthetic substances, especially in the composition of the lingerie.Avoid narrow, tightened pelvis clothes.
  • In the presence of a session work, take a regular 10-15 minute break with warm-up.
  • Carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene (especially for women) - if all movements should be controlled after washing and deleting after emptying.The lower underwear should be changed daily.During menstruation, seals and tampons need to be changed as often as possible.
  • Try to urinate on time - the first "on the call of nature", do not tolerate it - provokes urine stagnation and stretches out the bladder walls.Natural norms-5-6 times during the day.

For prevention purposes, frequent, recurring cystitis should drink one glass of cranberries daily - its pronounced antibacterial properties prevent the disease or significantly reduce the frequency of its manifestations.